Informatics Publishing Limited

Nitin Mishra ¹, Murari Kumar ², Sanjeev Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, GEU, 566/6, Bell Road, Society Area, Clement Town, Dehradun - 248002, Uttarakhand, IN
2 School of Civil Engineering, LPU, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, National Highway 1, Jalandhar, Phagwara - 144411,Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objective: To identify trend in annual precipitation time series using the M-K and Sen’s T-tests. Methods/Analysis: Climate change has disrupted the major climatic parameters at a global level. However, there is no equal change for all regions and have localized intensity especially in India. These changes should be identified nearby to manage the natural water resources. One of the most important climatic parameters is precipitation. As a starting point towards the apprehension of global climate change precipitation has been widely measured. The main objective of this study is to analyze the temporal variability of precipitation for the period 110 years, to enhance the hydrological status of the Uttarakhand districts of Kumaon region. The aim is to identify trend in annual precipitation time series using the M-K and Sen’s T tests. Sen’s estimator method has been used to estimate the extent of trend in precipitation. Before applying the M-K test for the trend in precipitation auto correlation effect is reduced. Finding: The analysis of M-K test shows non-significance increasing (positive) trend on annual basis. These areas experience a heavier rainfall for duration of shorter splash, which leads to very less scope for groundwater recharge and more runoff in these areas. Thus, these findings give a broad overview of the regional rainfall behavior in the study area. Applications/Improvements: The similar study can be carried out for other places as well with more locations for more diversity in the results attributing to the surroundings etc. to get a more clear and precise view about the trend in annual precipitation.

Keywords

Mann-Kendall Tests, Non-Parametric Tests and Auto Correlation, Precipitation, Sen’s Estimator Tests.

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Sakshi Gupta ¹, Deepak Khare ¹, Nitin Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of WRD & M, IIT, Haridwar Highway, Roorkee - 247667,Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, GEU, Clement Town, Dehradun - 248002, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The main objective behind this experimentation is to find the suitability of roof-top harvested rainwater with respect to its quality and to know about any changes that may occur in the parameters of the stored water and are essential to know before using it as potable water and to know about the different storage methodologies. The present study attempts to analyze the condition of rainwater harvested from the roof-tops so as to use that water as a source of drinking water. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: Rain water quality is an important factor which governs its suitability for potable use. But due to a rapid boost in the development particularly industries the rainwater trait is depreciating. For carrying out this study the rainwater was collected from the top of roofs and has been analyzed for a sanguine span to figure out its trait in consonance with the parameters for the potable water as given in Indian Standards on reserving for future with regard to time. The rainfall was collected from the dual contrasting locations from the concerned area under study i.e., Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee campus, India based on the material of downpipe, surroundings of roof material and deviating levels of pollutants in atmosphere owing to the traffic load of the area and was stored under different materials to analyze for its quality through different quality tests on the various physical and chemical parameters. Findings: The experiment will result into finding of an appropriate approach regarding efficient roof-top rainwater harvesting and also the correct technique for the stashing of the rainfall gathered as well as to throw light on the aspects of temperature and material amidst time. Applications/Improvement: The similar experimentation can be carried out at other places as well with more locations for more diversity in the results attributing to the surroundings etc. to get a clearer and precise view about the roof-top harvested rainwater quality.

Keywords

Microbiological Quality, Polyethylene Container, Potable Water, Rainwater Quality, Roof-top.

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Nitin Mishra ¹, Ranjit Kumar ¹, Shishir Kumar Shandilya ¹

Affiliations
1 N.I.I.S.T., Bhopal, (M.P.), IN

Abstract

This paper proposes a HMM (Hidden Markov Model) based fraud detection system for credit card fraud detection. The method works on the statistical behavior of user’s transactions. Since the original transactions are not available due to privacy policies of bank we used here synthetically generated data for a credit card user, and then HMM model is trained using different size of sample of generated labeled data we also discuss the performance of the HMM model on this data set in terms of detection accuracy and earliness of fraud detection. The system has been tested on a Pentium 4 PC with 2 GB of RAM, the test program is coded in MATLAB 7.5.

Keywords

Fraud Detection, HMM (Hidden Markov Model).

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